| Application/Uses |
Fungicide with protective action. Uses Control of many fungal diseases in a wide range of field crops, fruit, nuts, vegetables, ornamentals, etc. More frequent uses include control of early and late blights (Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani) of potatoes and tomatoes; downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) of vines; downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) of cucurbits; scab (Venturia inaequalis) of apple; sigatoka (Mycosphaerella spp.) of banana and melanose (Diaporthe citri) of citrus. Typical application rates are 1500-2000 g/ha. Used for foliar application or as a seed treatment. |
| ECOTOXICOLOGY |
Birds Acute oral LD50 (10 d) for mallard ducks >5500, Japanese quail 5500, English sparrow (Passer domesticus) >1290, European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) >2400 mg/kg. Acute dietary LC50 (8 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5200 mg/kg diet. Chronic reproduction NOEL for mallard ducks 125, bobwhite quail 300 mg/kg diet. Fish LC50 (96 h, flow-through) for rainbow trout 1.0, bluegill sunfish >3.6 mg/l; (96 hr static-renewal) for rainbow trout 0.15, 0.088, 0.074, bluegill sunfish 0.083, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 4.0, 3.3 mg/l; (96 h, static sediment/water microcosm) for rainbow trout 0.073, fathead minnow 0.57, bluegill sunfish 0.84, three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) 0.93, Zebra fish 0.95, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 1.0, guppy (Poecilia reticulata) 1.3, Medaka (Oryzias latipes) 1.4, common carp 1.7 mg/l. NOEC (34 d, early life stage) for fathead minnow 0.022 mg/l; extended growth NOEC (14 d) for rainbow trout 0.66 mg/l. Daphnia EC50 (48 h, flow-through) 3.8 mg/l; (48 h static-renewal) 0.073 mg/l; (24 h, static) 0.011 mg/l; (48 h, static) 0.39 mg/l. Algae EC50 (120 h, cell density) for Selenastrum capricornutum 0.044 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. EC50 (24 h) for rotifer (Brachionus calyciflorus) 0.11 mg/l; LC50 (48 h) for snail (Lymnae stagnalis) >113, for amphipod (Gammarus sp.) 3.0, for isopod (Asellus sp.) 4.4 mg/l. Outdoor mesocosm (macroinvertebrates and phytoplankton communities), 11 week, after 8 applications, Ecologically Acceptable Concentration 0.032 mg/l. Bees LD50 (oral) >209 mg/bee; (contact) >400 mg/bee. Worms LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida >1000 mg/kg soil; 56 d reproduction NOEC for Eisenia foetida 20 mg/kg soil. |
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