Application/Uses |
Biochemistry Steroid demethylation (ergosterol biosynthesis) inhibitor. Mode of action Systemic fungicide with protective, curative, and eradicant action. Rapidly absorbed into the vegetative parts of the plant, with translocation principally acropetally. Uses As a seed dressing, tebuconazole is effective against various smut and bunt diseases of cereals such as Tilletia spp., Ustilago spp., and Urocystis spp., also against Septoria nodorum (seed-borne), at 1-3 g/dt seed; and Sphacelotheca reiliana in maize, at 7.5 g/dt seed. As a spray, tebuconazole controls numerous pathogens in various crops including: rust species (Puccinia spp.) at 125-250 g/ha, powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) at 200-250 g/ha, scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) at 200-312 g/ha, Septoria spp. at 200-250 g/ha, Pyrenophora spp. at 200-312 g/ha, Cochliobolus sativus at 150-200 g/ha, and head scab (Fusarium spp.) at 188-250 g/ha, in cereals; leaf spots (Mycosphaerella spp.) at 125-250 g/ha, leaf rust (Puccinia arachidis) at 125 g/ha, and Sclerotium rolfsii at 200-250 g/ha, in peanuts; black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) at 100 g/ha, in bananas; stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) at 250-375 g/ha, Alternaria spp. at 150-250 g/ha, stem canker (Leptosphaeria maculans) at 250 g/ha, and Pyrenopeziza brassicae at 125-250 g/ha, in oilseed rape; blister blight (Exobasidium vexans) at 25 g/ha, in tea; Phakopsora pachyrhizi at 100-150 g/ha, in soya beans; Monilinia spp. at 12.5-18.8 g/100 l, powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) at 10.0-12.5 g/100 l, Sphaerotheca pannosa at 12.5-18.8 g/100 l, scab (Venturia spp.) at 7.5-10.0 g/100 l, white rot in apples (Botryosphaeria dothidea) at 25 g/100 l, in pome and stone fruit; powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) at 100 g/ha, in grapevines; rust (Hemileia vastatrix) at 125-250 g/ha, berry spot disease (Cercospora coffeicola) at 188-250 g/ha, and American leaf disease (Mycena citricolor) at 125-188 g/ha, in coffee; white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) at 250-375 g/ha, and purple blotch (Alternaria porri) at 125-250 g/ha, in bulb vegetables; leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) at 250 g/ha, in beans; early blight (Alternaria solani) at 150-200 g/ha, in tomatoes and potatoes. Phytotoxicity Good plant compatibility in most crops with any formulation, and achieved in more sensitive crops by appropriate formulations, e.g. WP, WG or SC. Formulation types DS; EC; ES; EW; FS; GF; SC; SE; WG; WP; WS. Selected products: 'Busker' (Barclay); 'Elite' (spray, USA) (Bayer CropScience); 'Folicur' (spray) (Bayer CropScience); 'Orius' (Makhteshim-Agan); 'Raxil' (seed treatment) (Bayer CropScience); mixtures: 'Horizon' (+ triadimenol) (spray) (Bayer CropScience); 'Matador' (+ triadimenol) (spray) (Bayer CropScience); 'Pronto Plus' (+ spiroxamine) (spray, Germany) (Bayer CropScience); 'Raxil S' (+ triazoxide) (seed treatment) (Bayer CropScience); 'Scenic' (+ fluoxastrobin+ prothioconazole) (Bayer CropScience) |
ECOTOXICOLOGY |
Birds Acute oral LD50 for male Japanese quail 4438, female Japanese quail 2912, bobwhite quail 1988 mg/kg b.w. Dietary LC50 (5 d) for mallard ducks >4816, bobwhite quail >5000 mg/kg feed. Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout 4.4, bluegill sunfish 5.7 mg/l (flow through). Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 4.2 mg/l (flow through). Algae ErC50 (72 h, static) for Selenastrum capricornutum 3.80 mg/l. Other aquatic spp. No effect on Chironomus riparius at 0.1 mg/l (28 d). Bees LD50 (48 h, oral) 83 mg/bee; (contact) >200 mg/bee. Worms Acute LC50 (14 d) for Eisenia foetida 1381 mg/kg dry soil. Other beneficial spp. No adverse effects on ground dwellers, e.g. ground beetles (Poecilus cupreus) (adults and larvae) or on foliage dwellers, e.g. ladybirds (Coccinella septempunctata), up to 375 g/ha (EW 250 formulation).
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